The Australian Legal Systems

The Australian Legal Systems The Australian legal system is based on a fundamental belief in the rule of law, justice and the independence of the judiciary. All people of Australia and non-Australians are treated equally before the law and safeguards exist to ensure that people are not treated arbitrarily or unfairly by governments or officials. Principles such as procedural fairness, judicial precedent and the separation of powers are fundamental to Australias legal system. The common law system, as developed in the United Kingdom, forms the basis of Australian jurisprudence. It is distinct from the civil law systems that operate in Europe, South America and Japan, which are derived from Roman law. Other countries that employ variations of the common law system are the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Malaysia and India. The chief feature of the common law system is that judges decisions in pending cases are informed by the decisions of previously settled cases. Consitution of Australia The United Kingdom passed the Commonwealth of Australian Constitution Act 1900. The significant of the Act was that it created a federal Commonwealth compraising the Commonwealth of Australia and the states. It also incorporated the constitution which came in to effect on January 1901. The Australian Constitution of 1901 established a federal system of government, under which powers are distributed between the federal government and the states Itdefined exclusive powers (investing the federal government with the exclusive power to make laws on matters such as trade and commerce, taxation, defence, external affairs, and immigration and citizenship) and concurrent powers (where both tiers of government are able to enact laws). Thestates and territories have independent legislative power in all matters not specifically assigned to the federal government. Where there is any inconsistency between federal and state or territory laws, federal laws prevail. Federal laws apply to the whole of Australia. Seperation of powers Governing Australia needs lots of power. The Constitution says that this power is divided between three groups of people so they can balance each other. Each group checks the power of the other two. This division of power stops one person or group of people taking over all the power to govern Australia. Legislative power means the power to make laws and is concentrated in the Parliament. Executive power means the power to implement laws and is given to the government. Judicial power gives the High Court power to decide whether laws are legal according to the Constitution. Division of Powers The law making powers which are not stated in the constitution as belonging to the commonwealth remains with the state .The powers are divided between the State Parliament and the Commonwealth parliament.There are some areas where both the commonwealth and the states have power to make laws these are concurrent powers,for example ,the taxation power. The state can however be excluded from these areas if their law are in consistant with those of the commonwealth. Some powers are stated to be exclusive to common wealth. These includes defence powers , the power to impose exercise and customs dudies , the currency, coin age and legal tender power and making of law for the government of a territory. The commonwealth is irestricted on areas for which it can make laws, the state can make laws on the commonwealth areas as long as they are with in the juristiction of the state,where a commonwealth has not been specifically given a power to legislate, then those remaining powers are exclusive to the states , for instance motor law , Criminal law and contract law. Most business law are made as state laws The Commonwealth Parliament The Parliament is at the very heart of the Australian national government. The Parliament consists of the Queen ,represented by the Governor General and two Houses (the Senate and the House of Representatives). These three elements make Australia a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. There are five important functions of parliament: to provide for the formation of a government; to legislate; to provide the funds needed for government; to provide a forum for popular representation; and to scrutinise the actions of government. The Governor-General The Governor-General is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister. The Governor-General performs a large number of functions which are defined by the Constitution, but fall roughly into three categories: constitutional and statutory duties, formal ceremonial duties, and non-ceremonial social duties. On virtually all matters, however, the Governor-General acts on the advice of the Ministry. The Senate The Senate has 76 Senators 12 are elected for each of the 6 states, and 2 each for the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. State Senators are elected for 6 year terms, territory Senators for 3 year terms. Historically, the Senate has been regarded as a States House: the States enjoy equal representation in the Senate, regardless of their population, and State matters are still important to Senators. The modern Senate is a very powerful Chamber. Bills cannot become law unless they are agreed to in the same terms by each House, except in the rare circumstances of a double dissolution followed by a joint sitting of both the houses The Senate has a highly developed committee system and Senators spend much of their time on committee work. The House of Representatives The House of Representatives has 150 Members each representing a separate electoral division. Members are elected for terms of up to 3 years. The most distinctive feature of the House is that the party or group with majority support in the House forms the Government. The accountability of the Government is illustrated every sitting day, especially during Question Time. Members have many other functions. They are involved in law making, committee work and in representing their electors. Executive Government The Prime Minister is appointed by the Governor-General, who by convention under the Constitution, must appoint the parliamentary leader of the party, or coalition of parties, which has a majority of seats in the House of Representatives. This majority party becomes the government and provides the ministers, all of whom must be members of Parliament. The Federal Executive Council, referred to in the Constitution, comprises all ministers, with the Governor-General presiding. Its principal functions are to receive ministerial advice and approve the signing of formal documents such as proclamations, regulations, ordinances and statutory appointments. Federal Judicature The Constitution provides for the establishment of the High Court of Australia and such other courts as Parliament may create. The judges of the High Court are appointed by the Governor-General in Council (acting on advice of the Federal Executive Council). The functions of the High Court are to interpret and apply the law of Australia; to decide cases of special federal significance including challenges to the constitutional validity of laws; and to hear appeals, by special leave, from Federal, State and Territory courts State and territory courts. Australian state and territory courts have jurisdiction in all matters brought under state or territory laws. They also handle some matters arising under federal laws, where jurisdiction has been conferred by the federal parliament. State and territory courts deal with most criminal matters, whether arising under federal, state or territory law.Each state and territory court system operates independently.

The End or The Journey

The road awards my future goal would be able to modify my personality. The Journey would allow myself to understand my personality even further. Also, the passage towards my future would grant myself the privilege of discovering who I am. I do not understand myself, but a part of the journey is discovering what your intentions, dreams, actions, paths are. The goal would still be at the end. However, the journey is a never-ending adventure. The initial goal would waiver with each action, decision, made. The future is full of different paths, experiencing the different paths would transform a person into a new being.A person is similar to a caterpillar, a transforming creature. The caterpillar changes from a helpless creature into a powerful butterfly and humans grow with each experience they encounter. For example, each day that goes by, science is evolving by the scientists who encounter new Ideas, experiments, and results. Each day passes with change from within. As a future is full of different paths, dreams are full of different results and mindsets. In the life Vive experienced so far, Vive been through many dreams and career paths, the journey towards my future is a never-ending experience.My first dream started as an artist during my elementary school days; that ended when I realized there were other people who were more talented in the arts. However, I continued to sketch as a hobby. My second career path was through history as an anthropologist; that career went down the drain because of money issues. My third dream was a preschool teacher. That dream began with my love for children and is still a possible career selection for my future. My fourth career choice Is a pedantically. Although the choice of continuing school for a long time will probably backfire on me, the desire to alp children has kept that dream alive.My fifth dream Is to be an accountant, my current dream. All the different dreams I've had over the years has set myself towards different results, but my ever-changing demeanor has confused my end result. The future Is unclear and the path Is cloudy, the end Is a mystery and the Journey Is a challenge. People will grow as they move forward. However, there Is no guarantee of growth at the end of the road. The obstacles before a challenger calls for mistakes and growth, not perfection. The end is perfection, but the trek towards he end is full of mistakes, errors, and progress.That is why I believe that the journey is greater than the goal. The End or The Journey By Cindy â€Å"The Journey is far greater than the inn. † I am a sixteen year old girl. As a child, there is a long Journey towards adulthood. There is the pleasure of the Journey taken and the Joy of the end. Some people may more impact on the person. During Journeys, there are obstacles that the Journeyer has to overcome. The road understand myself, but a part of the Journey is discovering what your intentions, dreams, actions, paths are. The goal wou ld still be at the end.However, the Journey is new ideas, experiments, and results. Each day passes with change from within. As a selection for my future. My fourth career choice is a petrifaction. Although the help children has kept that dream alive. My fifth dream is to be an accountant, my current dream. All the different dreams Vive had over the years has set myself result. The future is unclear and the path is cloudy, the end is a mystery and the journey is a challenge. People will grow as they move forward. However, there is no the end is full of mistakes, errors, and progress. That is why I believe that the Journey

Definition and Examples of Free Relative Clauses

In English grammar, a free relative clause is a type of relative clause (that is, a word group beginning with a wh-word) that contains the antecedent within itself. Also called a nominal relative clause, a  fused relative construction, an independent relative clause,  or (in traditional grammar) a noun clause. A free relative can refer to people or things, and it can function as a subject, a complement, or an object.Examples and Observations Nobody knows it, because nobody knows what really happened.(Donald E. Westlake, The Hook. Mysterious Press, 2000)We want to make sure that what were doing is really what we ought to be doing.(General Abrams in Vietnam Chronicles: The Abrams Tapes, 1968-1972, ed. by Lewis Sorley. Texas Tech University Press, 2004)You can say what you please. I burnt my English books and I didnt get a degree. All Im saying now, if Im allowed, is that Willie should get a degree.   (V.S. Naipaul, Half a Life. Alfred A. Knopf, 2001)A man wearing the uniform of the Military Police had stepped into the unit and was just turning toward where she was standing.  (Michael Palmer, The Fifth Vial. St. Martins Press, 2007)Look, Cynthia--you have a perfect right to disapprove. You go ahead and think whatever you want. Even if you want to be angry, then you be angry.   (Philip Roth, Letting Go. Random House, 1962)The way I hear it you can really put it away.Whoever told you that is a liar. Bledsoe straightened away from the rail, started toward the barn.  (Michael Joens, Blood Reins. Thomas Dunne Books, 2005) Antecedents in Free Relative Clauses The relative word in the nominal relative clause has no antecedent since the antecedent is fused with the relative: I found what (that which; the thing that) you were looking for; He says whatever (anything that) he likes. Because they are free of antecedents, such clauses are sometimes called independent or free relative clauses.  (Tom McArthur, Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford University Press, 2005) A Headless Relative A relative clause which apparently lacks a head is called a free relative clause, also sometimes called a headless relative (though some argue that the head is present syntactically but phonologically empty, and hence that this is a misleading term).  (R.E. Asher and ‎J.M.Y. Simpson, The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Pergamon Press, 1994) Characteristics of Free Relative Clauses [The] free relative clauses . . . [are] italicised in: (117a) What you say is true(117b) I will go where you go(117c) I dont like how he behaved toward her They are characterised by the fact that the wh-pronoun what/where/how appears to be antecedentless, in that it doesnt refer back to any other constituent in the sentence. Moreover, the set of relative pronouns found in free relative clauses is slightly different from that found in restrictives or appositives: e.g. what and how can serve as free relative pronouns, but not as appositive or restrictive pronouns; and conversely, which can serve as a restrictive or appositive relative pronoun but not as a free relative pronoun.  (Andrew Radford, Analysing English Sentences: A Minimalist Approach. Cambridge University Press, 2009) Two Types of Free Relative Clauses: Definite and Indefinite The first type of free relative clause, the definite free relative clause, is introduced by a wh- word such as what, where, or when, as shown in (64). (64) Mark eats what he orders. . . . [V]erbs that are followed by definite free relatives beginning with what must be capable of being followed by nonhuman NPs. What Jim chose in (65a), a free relative, passes this test, as shown by (65b). (65a) Sally ordered what Jim chose.(65b) Sally ordered a hamburger/coffee/a piece of pie. Another test for definite free relatives is substituting that (thing) which for what, as shown in (66). (66) Sally ordered that (thing) which Jim chose. . . . The second type of free relative clause is an indefinite free relative clause, also called a conditional free relative clause because the words that introduce the clause (who(m)ever, whatever, whichever, whenever, and however) can be paraphrased with if, as show by (68a) and (68b), or regardless of, as shown by (68c) and (68d). (68a) Joan dances with whoever asks her to dance.(68b) If someone asks Joan to dance with him, she dances with him.(68c) Fred eats whatever Alice offers him.(68d) Regardless of whatever Alice offers Fred, he eats it. (Ron Cowan, The Teachers Grammar of English: A Course Book and Reference Guide. Cambridge University Press, 2008)

Emerging Healthcare Technology Presentation - 1353 Words

Emerging Healthcare Technology Presentation HIPAA: Protecting the Privacy of Patients How important is it for you to keep your medical records private? Many people dont realize how easily accessible their medical records are, or perhaps it is just assumed that what goes on between a doctor and a patient stays between a doctor and a patient. Well, you know what they say about assuming. In actuality, your medical records can probably be accessed by any employee at your doctors office. I work in the healthcare industry and have access to countless files. With a first and last name I can easily look up the results of your last labs, every emergency room visit or doctors consultation youve ever had,†¦show more content†¦Providers Responsibility One of the provisions of the HIPAA privacy regulations requires that healthcare providers present a â€Å"Notice of Privacy Practices† to patients. This notice allows patients to know what and how their PHI will be used and disclosed by a provider. The notice allows providers to use PHI for things such as: treatment, payment, hospital directories, and legal proceedings to name a few. For any other use the provider would need to obtain written authorization from the patient. Today, healthcare providers and health plans that conduct business electronically must use many different formats for electronic transactions. For example, about 400 different formats exist today for health care claims. With a national standard for electronic claims and other transactions, health care providers will be able to submit the same transaction to any health plan in the United States and the health plan must accept it. Health plans will be able to send standard electronic transactions such as remittance advices and referral authorizations to health care providers. These national standards will make electronic data interchange a viable and preferable alternative to paper processing for providers and health plans alike. Outreach and Enforcement The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Office of CivilShow MoreRelatedThe Field Of Healthcare Today Is Continuing To Advance.1686 Words   |  7 PagesThe field of healthcare today is continuing to advance. The use of new emerging technologies is largely responsible for that. Healthcare professionals are able to communicate with one another and share pertinent patient information with one another faster, and easier than ever before. With the signing of legislation like the HITECH Act and the Affordable Care Act, healthcare organizations are beginning to transform the way patient information is used and stored. As healthcare pushes further towardRead MoreEvaluate--Action Research Problem’S Significance In The1525 Words   |  7 PagesEvaluate--Action research problem’s significance in the field of social work For the final project presentation of technology in social work, the action research study topic is on stress management. 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The Healthcare Informatics and Technology course did not require a textbook, but recommended Biomedical Informatics:Read MoreCompetiveness and Performance Effectiveness for Health Care It System1953 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction With the rapid growth in technology, many healthcare organizations have embraced the use of healthcare information technologies. As such, the information technology department has various staffs that perform fundamental roles in the information technology-related activities. It ranges from activities of customizing a software to implementing and maintaining a network to ensure effective system backups. In addition, these healthcare information technologies bring about other activities, forRead MoreClinically Related Data in the Healthcare Industry1352 Words   |  5 PagesHealthcare industry generates large volumes of clinically related data every minute. It can be in the form of electronic records, scan reports, printed documents, images etcetera. The sources of these records are technologies like CT scan, MRI scan, Ultrasound, ECG, Dialysis, biopsy equipment etc. The objectives of this smart approach are to make this data useful and productive for analysis and study of health pat terns and create statistics. A detailed analysis can help the community to get awarenessRead MoreMarketing Research At The Bureau Of Labor Statistics1482 Words   |  6 Pagesin supporting a rapid transformation of people in shifting the current value of the past to the future of a growing gap at what works and what is not operating in the system of cultural transformation change. In a since the cultural shift in the healthcare system rally the information to develop strategic plans and find new ways to market the altering demographic population. Thus, for this reason, change has to come from the top of the chain in creating a high-performance organization. A multidisciplinaryRead MoreNursing At The 21st Century1347 Words   |  6 PagesNursing in the 21st Century As healthcare moves from the Industrial Age to the Information Age, a new role for nurses as knowledge workers comes in its wake (McGonigle Mastrians, 2015). In his definition of a knowledge worker, O’Grady cited â€Å"that the knowledge worker is someone who synthesizes a broad array of information and knowledge from a wide variety of sources and brings that synthesis to bear on nursing work† (O’Grady Malloch, 2003, para. 2). Thus, a knowledge worker is one who translatesRead More Most Significant Issues Facing Health Care Organizations Essay examples1345 Words   |  6 Pagesforum to develop policy which relates to the use of information technology and healthcare. MCEG provides feedback to vendor sponsors and other vendors on the trends and types of technology needed to ensure that their products and strategies meet their customer’s present and future managed care needs. Additionally, their objective is to â€Å"educate executives on clinical a nd administrative trends in health care, new and emerging technologies, and other pertinent information to assist in achieving theRead MoreIncorporating a Workflow in the Clinical Setting1027 Words   |  5 PagesCreating a Flow Chart: Bradycardia Today’s healthcare environment is facing tremendous challenges in order to ensure safe, quality care, while simultaneously providing affordable care that is still able to produce revenue. With continuously escalating healthcare demands emerging from the population, healthcare providers and professionals have no choice but to accept these challenges and put forth the best possible approach to meet these demands involving patient care. New ideas for managing testsRead MoreThe Impact Of Nursing Care On Health Care Quality1453 Words   |  6 Pages The Impact of Nursing Care on Health Care Quality Tasha N. Herndon Duquesne University GPNG 525 Organizational and Clinical Leadership in Nursing and Healthcare Carolyn Griffin October 31, 2015 The Impact of Nursing Care on Health Care quality Nurses are the primary caregivers in all health care settings. Nursing care is an essential part of patient care and delivered in many diverse settings. The quantity of nurses and their vital role in caregiving are compelling motives for determining

Speech on Becoming an Organ Donor Essay - 2508 Words

Preparation Outline Organ Donation: by Samantha Hess GENERAL PURPOSE: To persuade the audience to become organ donors. SPECIFIC PURPOSE: To persuade my audience to become organ donors by informing them of what it is, how it works, the myths of organ donations, how to become an organ donor, and the benefits of being one. THESIS: The need is constantly growing for organ donors and it is very simple to become one. Transplantation gives hope to thousands of people with organ failure and provides many others with renewed lives. Introduction I. Attention getting device: How many of you are registered organ donors? (Give them time to raise their hands) According to the United Network for Organ Sharing, as of November 18, 2012,†¦show more content†¦Transition: I’m sure many of you are wondering what organs you can donate. II. The type of organs you can donate depends on what type of donor you are. 1. Since you are still living while being a living donor, you are restricted on the organs you can donate. a. According to Klein and associates, being a living donor, you can donate one kidney, one lung, and part of the liver, intestines, and pancreas. 2. After you have passed away, you can chose to donate your eyes and corneas, heart and heart valves, lungs, live, intestines, kidneys, pancreas, skin, bones, and tendons. Transition: Once you decide what type of donor you want to be and what organs you choose to donate, it is important to know the process of how organ donations work. III. The process for living donors and deceased donors is different. a. According to Dana Lustbader, for deceased donations, the organs must be obtained within 60 minutes of death. The following process is for patients who suffer cardiac death. 1. First, doctors must inform families about what to expect during the cessation of life-sustaining treatments. Families should realize that the patient still receives quality care and symptom management when these treatments are ceased. 2. In order to prevent conflicts of interest, members of the organ recovery team should not be involved in the decision to discontinue life-support of theShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Outline-Organ Donation886 Words   |  4 PagesPERSUASIVE SPEECH OUTLINE – ORGAN DONATION Topic:  Organ donation Thesis Statement:  Becoming an organ donor after death is not only an important decision for yourself, but it is also an important decision for the life that you may have the power to save. Purpose:  To persuade my audience to consider becoming organ donors after death    Introduction: 1. Organ donation is a selfless way to give back to others, and to be able to make a huge difference by giving another person a second chanceRead MorePersuasive Speech Outline Essay examples942 Words   |  4 PagesPersuasive Speech Outline Topic: Organ Donation General Purpose: To persuade Specific Purpose: After listening to my speech my audience will consider donating their organs and tissues after death and to act upon their decision to donate. Central Idea: The need is constantly growing for organ donors and it is very simple to be an organ donor when you no longer need your organs. Introduction: How do you feel when you’re waiting for something you really really want? Or what if it’s not evenRead MoreEssay on Outline for Organ Donation Speech1009 Words   |  5 PagesStudent Name: ashley singer Speech Type: Persuasive Organ Donation Organization Type: Comparative Advantages Pattern Attention Getter Type: Story, Quotation, or Poem Conclusion Type: Summary Goal/Purpose persuade my audience to give the gift of life and become organ donors. Introduction I. I have always decided i wanted to dedicate my organs to others once i have oassed but it was not until January of this year i learned the true value behind organ donation. II. Last January my brotherRead MorePersuasive Speech Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Froehle Public Speaking Class Persuasive Speech Outline Topic:  Organ Donation Specific Purpose:  To persuade my audience to donate their organs and tissues when they die and to act upon their decision to donate. Thesis Statement:  The need is constantly growing for organ donors and it is very simple to be an organ donor when you die. I.   INTRODUCTION A.   Attention material/Credibility Material: How do you feel when you have to wait for something you really, really want? What if it wasRead MorePersuasive Speech : Donating The Medical Field1273 Words   |  6 PagesPersuasive Speech Paper Donating to the Medical Field Introduction (Attention) Did you all know that most people think the only way to be a part of the medical field is to go to college for many years? That’s just simply not the truth. The most important thing in the hospital is done by people who may or may not have gone to college, may or may not have a job, and they may or may not be sitting next to you right now. The people I am talking about donate parts of themselves to extremely ill patientsRead MorePersuasive Speech : Organ Donor1480 Words   |  6 PagesPirrie Persuasive Speech Kaitlin Keenan CRN: 22260261 Topic: Donating Life Audience: Communications 101 peers General Purpose: To persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade the audience of the importance of becoming an organ donor to save lives. Thesis: Becoming an organ donor can give severely ill people another chance at living a normal life. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Imagine having a loved one who is in end stage organ failure and has been put on the organ transplant waitingRead MoreOrgan Donation1163 Words   |  5 Pageslife. But by becoming an organ donor, you can be able to say â€Å"I will save a life.† Organ donation is a selfless way to give back to others, and to be able to make a huge difference by giving another person a second chance at life. Unfortunately, the number of patients waiting for organs far exceeds the number of people who have registered to become organ donors. Patients are forced to wait months, even years for a match, and far too many die before they are provided with a suitable organ. There areRead MoreEssay on Persuasive Speech: You Should Be an Organ Donor1055 Words   |  5 Pagestransplant in time. 12 people will die because the organ transplant they need will not be possible. Money’s not the issue here. It’s the lack of organ donors. Hi, my name is Casey, and I will tell you of the Extreme importance of becoming an Organ Donor. I will tell you why organ donors are life savers, how you can become one, the commons myths and Why this topic is very important to me MY FIRST POINT IS : I. Organ Donors are life savers. A. Approximately 300 new transplantRead MoreOrgan Donation1237 Words   |  5 PagesSpecific Purpose: To persuade my audience to donate their organs and tissues when they die and to act upon their decision to donate. Thesis Statement: The need is constantly growing for organ donors and it is very simple to be an organ donor when you die. I. INTRODUCTION A. Attention material/Credibility Material: How do you feel when you have to wait for something you really, really want? What if it was something you couldn’t live without? Well, my cousin was five years old whenRead MorePersuasive Speech1153 Words   |  5 PagesPERSUASIVE SPEECH OUTLINE Topic: Organ Donation Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to donate their organs and tissues when they die and to act upon their decision to donate. INTODUCTION Attention: How do you feel when you have to wait for something you really, really want? What if it was something you couldn’t live without? Ladies and gentlemen I’m here today to share with you my views on organ donation, in the hope that you will take them on board and give someone the ultimate

Aircraft Free Essays

1. Name and Address of the applicant: 2. Particulars of the aero-mobile Licence, if any, already held : 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Aircraft or any similar topic only for you Order Now Particulars of Aircraft in respect of which a licence is required. a) Call Sign: b) Name and Type of Aircraft: c) Name of owner: d) Passenger or Freight Aircraft: e) Normal Route: f) Place of Registry (an attested copy : of certificate of Registration to be attached) 4. State whether the Radio Installation is provided in pursuance of statutory equirements or otherwise (i. e. , compulsory fitted or non-compulsory fitted). 5. Nature of Service performed: 6. Description of apparatus for which the licence is applied for: Radio Communication Transmitters Manufacturers TypeOutputFreq.RangeEmissionFrequency Rated (kHz)Tolerance Power (Watts) Main Standby Radio Communication Receivers Manufacturers Type Frequency. Range Main Standby Radio Navigation Apparatus Manufacturer Type Frequency. Range i) Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) ii) Instrument Landing System (ILS) a) Localizer Receiver b) Glidepath Receiver ) Maker Receiver iii) VOR Receiver iv) DME Interrogator v) ATC Transponder vi) Weather Radar vii) Radio Altimeter viii) Loran Receiver ix) x) Certificate of Inspection (Must be completed by a competent Wireless Telegraph Engineer) It is certified that the Radio Apparatus detailed here in before has been satisfactorily installed/and the particulars given thereof are correct. Dated:Signature of the certifying Engineer Name_______________________ (in block letters) Address:Designation (SEAL) DeclarationI hereby solemnly declare and say that foregoing facts are true and correct and nothing is false there in and no material has been concealed therefrom. I also agree that in case any information given by me herein before is found false at a later date, the licence, if granted, will be cancelled. I further solemnly given an undertaking that the apparatus described here- in-before will be worked in accordance with the conditions of the licence and operators holding approval certificate of proficiency shall only be employed to work the said apparatus Place:Signature of Applicant Dated:Name _______________________ in block letters) Designation___________________Note : This application duly completed should be forwarded to the Wireless Advisor to the Government of India, Ministry of Communications, Sardar Patel Bhawan, Parliament Street, new Delhi-110 001 (through Director General of Civil Aviation, Technical Centre, Opp. Safdarjung Airport, New Delhi) Rate of fees : The rate of fees per station per annum is Rs. 250/- Manner of Payment : The fees may be paid through a crossed band Draft drawn in favour of Pay and Accounts Officer (HQ), Department of Telecommunications, payable at State Bank of India, New Delhi. How to cite Aircraft, Papers

Perfect Pitch Essay Example For Students

Perfect Pitch Essay Perfect Pitch is the ability to identify any musical note without comparison to a reference note, and is a talent displayed in a small amount of people. What causes it is a question which has attracted a lot of attention lately. Scientists are asking them selves if it is a learned ability or are we given this unique talent through our genes. MRI scans in test have shown an enlarged portion of the brain present in individuals gifted the ability of perfect pitch. Scientists have been extensively surveying and testing musicians and non-musicians alike to place the key to this rare and special gift. We will write a custom essay on Perfect Pitch specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A research team from Dsseldorf, Germany believes they have located the physical basis of perfect pitch. The team led b y neurologist Gottfried Schlaug and Helmuth Steinmetz of Dsseldorf Heinrich Heine University report that the planum temporale is far larger on the left side than on the right side in professional musiciansespecially in those who have perfect pitch (Nowak 616). Previous studies have suggested that the left hemispheric activation sites in the brain are seen during phonological, lexical, or semantic language task performance, while the right hemispheric preponderances are found for melodic and pitch perception (Schlaug 699). So Schlaug and his colleagues decided to examine the relative sizes of the left and right planum temporale in musicians brains because previous work has shown that a leftward asymmetry there is associated with mental functions unique to humans, such as language (Blakeslee A16). Steinmetz believes that the neurological basis of music making is likely to be in the planum temporale since music may be an even higher function than language (qtd. Nowak 616). Researches carried out comparisons by means of magnetic resonance imaging, which allowed the researchers to measure the volume of specific brain structures. They compared the images of the brains of thirty professional musicians (eleven with perfect pitch, nineteen without) with those of thirty sex and age matched non-musicians. The left planum temporale was larger than the right in both musicians and non-musicians. But the size disparity was twice as great for the musicians, a difference almost entirely due to the presence in the group of musicians with perfect pitch (Chatterjee 16). Other studies are trying to pin down perfect pitch in our genes. Peter k Gregersen, MD, chief of the division of biology and human genetics at North Shore University Hospital (Manhasset) has observed that perfect pitch seems to run in the family. Out of 126 people with perfect pitch surveyed, five and a half percent reported their parents having perfect pitch and twenty-six said they have siblings with the skill. While on the other hand only one point one percent of the musicians without perfect pitch reported there parents having it and one point three percents of there siblings with the skill (North Shore 38). The survey also pointed out that all of those musicians with perfect pitch started playing at an average age of four point seven years, while those without it started at seven point three years old. Another study led by Siamak Baharloo from the University of California, San Francisco, surveyed six hundred musicians and found that forty percent of those with perfect pitch clai med to have a relative with the talent, while only twelve percent of those without perfect pitch said they had a family member with the ability (Travis 316). Researchers have also suggested that early exposure to pitches can help obtain perfect pitch. Diana Deutsch of the University of California, San Diego, has found that perfect pitch is common among native speakers of tonal languages such as Mandarin Chinese and Vietnamese. Deutsch quoted that Our findings show that speakers of Vietnamese and Mandarin possess an extraordinarily precise form of absolute pitch, which is reflected in their enunciation of words. She goes on to say that since all except one of the subjects in the study had received little or no musical training, we conclude that this ability resulted from their early acquisition of tone language, and that they had learned to associate pitches with meaningful words very early in life (University of California n.p.). .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e , .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .postImageUrl , .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e , .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:hover , .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:visited , .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:active { border:0!important; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:active , .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Internet Security Persuasive EssayIn conclusion perfect pitch is believed to be caused by a variety of things. Research has shown links to perfect pitch in the structure of the brain through the research of Dr. Schlaug. The research of Dr. Gregersen is attempting to pin down perfect pitch to a specific gene. And many researchers are attempting to show us how early exposure to music or different pitches can help us to acquire this unique ability of perfect pitch. Works CitedBlakeslee, Sandra. Scientists Find Place on Left Side of the Brain Where Perfect Pitch is heard. New York Times 3 Feb. 1995, natl. ed.: A16. Chatterjee, Camille. One-Note Wonders. Psychology Today 31 (1998): 16. North Shore Researchers Seeking Musical Gene. Long Island Business News 28 April 1997: 38. Nowak, Rachel. Brain Center Linked to Perfect Pitch. Science 267 (1995): 616. Schlaug, Gottfried; Jancke, Lutz; Huang, Yanxiong; Steinmetz, Helmuth. In Vivo Evidence of Structural Brain Asymmetry in Musicians. Science 267 (1995): 699-701. Travis, John. Pitching in to find a Musical Gene. Science News 150 (1996): 316. University of Californian News Archive. Mozarts Gift of Perfect Pitch may not be so rare After All, According to New UC Sand Diego Study on Musical Perception. 1 November 1999. http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/newsrel/soc/dpitchdeutsch.htm. 29 February 2000.